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Epitoniidae Berry, 1910 (1812)

Cirsotrema krousma

Kilburn, 1985

Description:

Dimensions range from 5.7 mm - 10.5 mm high and 2.1 mm wide.
Width to height ratio: 0.37:1 ~ 0.2:1

Shell: narrowly acuminate; minute to small. Exterior colour pale to light orange-yellow, costae white ribs. About 11 whorls, strongly convex; protoconch conical with ~3 whorls smooth, convex; teleoconch with ~8 whorls strongly convex. Suture deep. Umbilicate: closed or forming a slight, fenestrate chink. Approximately 12 - 18 costae on the body whorl. Costae are prosocline, strong and regular, rather cord-like. Costae not reflexed. Intercostal spaces well developed, subequal in width to their intervals. Interstices with approximately 5 - 9 spiral striae per whorl. Base with fine, irregular spiral threads. Columella reflexed and adnate. Fasciole distinct, base flattened. Aperture ovate; peristome fairly thin.

Kilburn [1985] details that C. krousma closely resembles Scala canephora Melvill, 1906, but compared with the holotype of that (BM(NH) 1906. 10232) from the Gulf of Oman, is much larger, with less angular whorls and a blunter, less conical protoconch. Scala proxima Thiele, 1925, from off Sumatra, also appears similar but is spirally lirate below the suture. Scala capitata Thiele, 1925, from off Tanzania, differs in shape.


Distribution:

Durban Bay, South Africa


Habitat:

shallow water


Etymology:

Greek, krousma = a tune produced by a harp., [Greek] krousma = a tune produced by a harp


Type Material:

Holotype, NM B6089/T2764, Durban Bay, shallow dredgings, leg. B. J. Young. Paratypes, 1-22, NM B6088/T2765. for Cirsotrema krousma Kilburn, 1985. [Kilburn, R.N, 1985]
Holotype: NM B6089/T2764 [as Cirsotrema (Cirsotrema s.l.) krousma Kilburn, 1985:] - Type Locality: Durban Bay, South Africa, shallow dredgings.. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]


SpeciesImage

Kilburn, R.N (1985). pp: 255. Plate 26, Cirsotrema krousma sp. n.,.

holotype, 5,7 x 2,1 mm 28-31,

Distribution

as listed in source literature

Kilburn, R.N (1985).
Species Image
holotype, 5,7 x 2,1 mm 28-31,
arsint.com (2023).
Species Image
Cirsotrema Cirsotrema krousma cf.

Synonymy:

Cirsotrema (Cirsotrema s.l.) krousma Kilburn, 1985: [in Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015].


Source Literature:

arsint.com (2023). Shells for Sale:Epitonidae. arsint.com. http://www.arsint.com/seashells_epitoniidae_opalia.html [Accessed 21 October 2023]
Brown, L. & Neville, B.D. (2015). Catalog of the recent taxa of the families Epitoniidae and Nystiellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) with a bibliography of the descriptive and systematic literature. Zootaxa. 3907(1). Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3907.1.1 [Accessed 22 October 2023]
Kilburn, R.N (1985). The family Epitoniidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in southern Africa and Mozambique. Annals of the Natal Museum. 27(1). Natal Museum
Weil, A., Brown, L. & Neville, B. (1999). The Wentletrap Book. Evolver
WoRMS Editorial Board (2025). World Register of Marine Species. https://www.marinespecies.org [Accessed 8 November 2025]

WoRMS direct page link: Open WoRMS record