Gyroscala commutata
(Monterosato, 1877)
Description:
Dimensions range from 8.99 mm - 40 mm high and 4.51 mm - 17.61 mm wide.
Width to height ratio: 0.5:1 ~ 0.44:1
Shell: moderately tall, elongate bulimoid to turriform, conical, pyramidal; solid, rather light, thin; small to medium. Exterior colour white or light beige to deep brown, beneath the suture often a wide dark spiral band, white or fawn, sometimes with obscure brownish spiral band, costae white, and apertural edge plain white. About 15 whorls, rounded, convex, connected, little loosely coiled, contiguous ; protoconch conical with ~3 whorls smooth; teleoconch with 9-12 whorls convex. Spire variable with angle of 30 - 50 degrees. Suture well defined and deep. Imperforate: umbilicus closed. Approximately 7 - 15 costae on the body whorl. Costae are thin, high, blade-like, thin, high, blade-like to low, rounded, cord-like. There is a single varix on each whorl. The varix is larger than the rest. Costae aligned from whorl to whorl; may or may not be hooked at the shoulder; reflected; continuous over the suture. Intercostal spaces -, smooth and weakly shiny. Base rounded, marginated by a strong cord and keel. Columella reflected. Aperture ovate, sub ovate to round, lip the margin narrow, somewhat patulous in front; peristome just complete; outer lip with normal rib externally, slightly reflected and somewhat thickened. Operculum corneous, dark brown, thin, corneous and paucispiral.
Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822) is now considers a synonym of Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877), The spiral rib on the base of the body whorl is a defining feature of this species.
Distribution:
Mediterranean and tropical Atlantic to Angola; southern Africa from Jeffreys Bay eastwards; Indo-Pacific, from southern Africa to California. (Kilburn, 1985). In Australia, Rottnest Is., south-western WA, around northern Australia, to Mallacoota, Victoria. [Beechey, 2008]; Western Atlantic: From Lake Worth, Florida, Bermuda and the Gulf of Mexico, south through the West Indies to Tobago in the Lesser Antilles. Eastern Atlantic: On the Atlantic coast of France from Finistere south; the western Mediterranean and the coast of Africa south to Liberia and the Gold Coast [Clench & Turner, 1951]; Mediterranean and tropical Atlantic; From North Carolina to Florida, Bermuda and the Gulf of Mexico, south through the West Indies to Tobago in the Lesser Antilles. The Eastern Atlantic from coast of France; the western Mediterranean and the coast of Africa south to Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana; southern Africa from Jeffreys Bay eastwards; Indo-Pacific, from southern Africa to California. (Kilburn, 1985), questionably the eastern Pacific coast (DuShane 1974: 28). In Australia, south-western WA, around northern Australia, to St Vincents Gulf, South Australia
Habitat:
intertidal to 60 m (Clench & Turner 1951: 283)., Intertidal to shallow subtidal, sometimes found in beach drift, intertidal to 10 m., on sessile anemones on rocks [Higo et al., 1999]
Etymology:
[latin] from commutatus = changed, altered or transformed
Type Material:
Holotype: of Scala perplicata Iredale, 1929 Australian Museum C.050457 [as Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)] - Locality: Mallacoota, Victoria. [Beechey, D., 2008]
Types. Delessert in 1841 figured Lamarck's type specimen of this species. It is now probably in the museum at Geneva, Switzerland where Delessert's collection was deposited. The original locality was unknown to Lamarck. We here select Corsica to be the type locality. This is one of the several localities cited by Kiener in 1839, based up- on the material contained in the Paris Museum. [as Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)]. [Clench, W. J. & Turner, R. D., 1951]
Type: U.S.Nat. Mus. Cat. No. 56056 [as Epitonium zephyrium Dall, 1917]. [Dall, W. H., 1917]
Type: U.S. Nat Mus. Cat. No. 56049 [as Epitonium basicum Dall, 1917]. [Dall, W. H., 1917]
Holotype: USNM 56049 [as Epitonium (Nitidiscala) basicum Dall, 1917] - Locality: Epitonium basicum: Gulf of California. [DuShane, H., 1974]
not located for Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877) - Locality: Civitavecchia, Italy. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type not located [as Gyroscala hachijoensis Taki, 1957] - Locality: Hachijô Island, Japan, under stone at low tide. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type not located [as Scalaria monocycla [Lamarck] Kiener, 1838] - Locality: not given. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type not located [as Scalaria perplexa [Pease] Deshayes, 1863] - Locality: Réunion. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Lectotype: selected by R.I. Johnson 1994: 20, MCZ 181978 illustrated in DuShane (1990: fig. 25) [as Scalaria perplexa Pease, 1867] - Locality: Hawaii. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type not located [as Scala perplicata Iredale, 1929] - Locality: New South Wales.. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type not located [as Epitonium pyramis Tinker, 1952] - Locality: Hawaii. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Holotype: SM D.13299 [as Scala reevesbyi Cotton, 1939] - Locality: Reevesby Island, Australia. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type: Oxford University Museum of Natural History [OUM] [as Scalaria rietensis W.H. Turton, 1932] - Locality: Port Alfred, South Africa. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Holotype: OUM [as Scalaria rufanensis W.H. Turton, 1932] - Locality: Port Alfred, South Africa. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type: MHNN [as Scala torquata Fenaux, 1943] - Locality: Paumotou. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type: USNM 56056 [as Epitonium zephyrium Dall, 1917] - Locality: San Diego, California. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Syntypes: MHNG; Mermod & Binder (1963: fig. 226) figured a specimen from the Lamarckian collection, but did not designate it as a lectotype according to requirements of Art. 74.5 (ICZN 1999). [as Gyroscala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822)] - Locality: none given; Clench & Turner (1951: 282) restricted the type locality to Corsica, “one of several localities cited by Kiener in 1838, based upon the material contained in the Paris Museum.” Since the material in the Paris Museum was not in the Lamarckian Collection, the type locality cannot be based upon this material (ICZN 1999: Art. 76.1).. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Syntypes: NHMUK 1870.10.26.102 [as Scalaria consors Crosse & P. Fischer, 1864:] - Locality: 'n sinu Saint-Vincent' [South Australia].. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type not located [as Scala filaris Mörch, 1875:] - Locality: St. Martin. [Brown, L. & Neville, B.D., 2015]
Type: BMNH 70.10.26.102 [as Epitonium consors (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1864)]. [Kaicher, S.D., 1981]
Holotype: Reg. No. D.13299, S.A. Museum [as Pomiscala reevesbyi (Cotton, 1939)] - Locality: The Sir Joseph Banks Islands. [Cotton, B. C., 1939]
Type not listed in source data [as Gyroscala perplexa (Pease, 1868)] - Locality: Hawaii. [Higo, S., Callomon, P. & Goto, Y., 1999]
Iredale, T. (1936). Fig. 24.
-
Distribution
as listed in source literature
Di Monterosato, T. A. (1876-1877).
pp: 420.
Original description
Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1822).
pp: 227.
translation of original description
Shell somewhat turreted, imperforate, pale tawny or reddish; with thin white lamellar denticulated ribs; whorls contiguous, smooth: the last with a keel at the base.
Habitat... My collection. It sometimes has dotted transverse lines on its last whorl.
Length, 15 to 14 lines.
Pease, W. H. (1868).
Shown in text as Scalaria perplexa Pease, 1868 · unaccepted (junior subjective synonym)
pp: 288.
Sowerby, G. B. II. (1873-1874).
Plate xii. Fig. 91.
Mörch [Mørch], O. A. L (1875).
Shown in text as Scala filaris Mörch, 1875
pp: 265.
Mörch [Mørch], O. A. L (1875).
Shown in text as Scala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822)
pp: 261-262.
Tryon, G.W. (1887).
Shown in text as Scalaria consors Crosse & P. Fischer, 1864
Plate 13. Fig. 11.
pp: 74.
Tryon, G.W. (1887).
Shown in text as Scala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822)
Plate 15. Fig. 83.
Plate 15. Fig. 84.
pp: 74-75.
Clessin, S. (1897).
Plate 8. Fig. 4.
pp: 41-42.
Shell not perforated, turreted, slightly widened at the base, fairly thin, pale brown; with two more saturated white bands; whorls about 12, convex, separated by a deep suture, armed with thin, lamelliform, continuous ribs; interstices smooth; the last whorl at the base encircled by a white keel; aperture somewhat expanded.
Height: 30-40 mm.
Verco, J.C. (1906).
Shown in text as Gyroscala commutata (Monterosato, 1877)
pp: 146-147.
Dall, W. H. (1917).
Shown in text as Epitonium zephyrium Dall, 1917
pp: 485.
Dall, W. H. (1917).
Shown in text as Epitonium basicum Dall, 1917
pp: 485.
Iredale, T. (1929).
Shown in text as Scala perplicata Iredale, 1929:
pp: 344.
Iredale, T. (1936).
Shown in text as Pomiscala perplicata (Iredale, 1929)
Fig. 24.
-
pp: 303.
Cotton, B. C. (1939).
Shown in text as Pomiscala reevesbyi (Cotton, 1939)
Plate VII. Fig. 1.
Clench, W. J. & Turner, R. D. (1951).
Shown in text as Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)
pp: 284. Plate 129. Fig. 1-2.
Epitonium lamellosum Lamarck
1 Biscayne Bay, Florida (4.1x).
2 Port Salut, Dept. du Sud, Haiti (44x).
Clench, W. J. & Turner, R. D. (1952).
Shown in text as Epitonium filare (Mörch, 1875) ·
pp: 355-356.
Dushane, H. (1974).
Shown in text as Epitonium (Nitidiscala) basicum Dall, 1917
pp: 46. Fig. 86.
DuShane, H. (1979).
Shown in text as Epitonium zephyrium Dall, 1917 misidentification of Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)
pp: 130.
Kaicher, S.D. (1981).
Shown in text as Epitonium consors (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1864)
Card #: EP2-2305.
(BMNH Cype collection 70.10.26.102)
Card #: EP2-3038
Kaicher, S.D. (1983).
Card #: EP3-3590.
Nakayama, T. (2003).
Shown in text as Gyroscala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822)
pp: 113. Plate 5. Fig. 1-2.
figs 1-4:
Gyroscala (Pomiscala) lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822)
height 22.3 mm; breadth 10.9 mm (NA);
Beechey, D. (2008).
Shown in text as Epitonium lamellosum (Lamarck, 1822)
pp: Gyroscala lamellosa. Fig. 1.
Bradleys Head, Sydney Harbour (DLB5153, protoconch missing)
